The European emissions regulations for heavy-duty Diesel engines are commonly referred to as Euro I, II , ..., VI. Here Latin numerals are used, unlike the standards for light vehicles , where Arabic numerals are used .
The first EU directive to regulate emissions from heavy duty vehicles , ie vehicles with "technically permissible maximum mass loading" over 3500 kg, was published in 1988 (88/77/EEC). It was amended several times thereafter. In 2005 , regulations were established and carried by Directive 05/55/EC. Beginning with the standard Euro VI, the legislation is simplified , since the instructions , which should be put in all national legislations , will be replaced by the regulations are directly applicable .
Of this standard Euro III ( 2000 ) , the previous test engines ECE R-49 has been replaced by two cycles: the European Circle Standing Operating ESC (European Stationary Cycle) and the European transient cycle ETC (European Transient Cycle). The black smoke is measured by testing ELR (European Load Response). For certification emission under Euro VI, will be applied globally harmonized transient cycle WHTC (World Harmonized Transient Cycle).
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EU Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines |
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Stage |
Date |
Test |
CO |
HC |
NOx |
PM |
PN |
Smoke |
|
|
|
|
g/kWh |
|
|
|
1/kWh |
1/m |
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Euro I |
1992, ≤ 85 kW |
ECE R-49 |
4.5 |
1.1 |
8.0 |
0.612 |
|
|
|
|
1992, > 85 kW |
|
4.5 |
1.1 |
8.0 |
0.36 |
|
|
|
Euro II |
1996.10 |
|
4.0 |
1.1 |
7.0 |
0.25 |
|
|
|
|
1998.10 |
|
4.0 |
1.1 |
7.0 |
0.15 |
|
|
|
Euro III |
1999.10 EEV only |
ESC & ELR |
1.5 |
0.25 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
|
0.15 |
|
|
2000.10 |
|
2.1 |
0.66 |
5.0 |
0.10a |
|
0.8 |
|
Euro IV |
2005.10 |
|
1.5 |
0.46 |
3.5 |
0.02 |
|
0.5 |
|
Euro V |
2008.10 |
|
1.5 |
0.46 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
|
0.5 |
|
Euro VI |
2013.01b |
WHSC |
1.5 |
0.13 |
0.40 |
0.01 |
8.0×1011 |
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a - PM = 0.13 g/kWh for engines < 0.75 dm3 swept volume per cylinder and a rated power speed > 3000 min-1
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Table 2 |
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EU Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty Diesel and Gas Engines: Transient Testing |
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Stage |
Date |
Test |
CO |
NMHC |
CH4a |
NOx |
PMb |
PNe |
|
|
|
|
g/kWh |
|
|
|
|
1/kWh |
|
Euro III |
1999.10 EEV only |
ETC |
3.0 |
0.40 |
0.65 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
|
|
|
2000.10 |
|
5.45 |
0.78 |
1.6 |
5.0 |
0.16c |
|
|
Euro IV |
2005.10 |
|
4.0 |
0.55 |
1.1 |
3.5 |
0.03 |
|
|
Euro V |
2008.10 |
|
4.0 |
0.55 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
0.03 |
|
|
Euro VI |
2013.01 |
WHTC |
4.0 |
0.16d |
0.5 |
0.46 |
0.01 |
6.0×1011 |
a - for gas engines only (Euro III-V: NG only; Euro VI: NG + LPG)
b - not applicable for gas fueled engines at the Euro III-IV stages
c - PM = 0.21 g/kWh for engines < 0.75 dm3 swept volume per cylinder and a rated power speed > 3000 min-1
d - THC for diesel engines
e - for diesel engines; PN limit for positive ignition engines TBD
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Table 3 |
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Emission Durability Periods |
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Vehicle Category† |
Period* |
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|
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Euro IV-V |
Euro VI |
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N1 and M2 |
100 000 km / 5 years |
160 000 km / 5 years |
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N2 |
200 000 km / 6 years |
300 000 km / 6 years |
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N3 ≤ 16 ton |
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M3 Class I, Class II, Class A, and Class B ≤ 7.5 ton |
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N3 > 16 ton |
500 000 km / 7 years |
700 000 km / 7 years |
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M3 Class III, and Class B > 7.5 ton |
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† Mass designations (in metric tons) are “maximum technically permissible mass”
* km or year period, whichever is the sooner